English Vowels and Diphthongs
They possess 20 voiced vowel phonemes, as follows:
5 Long =
/ i:/ as in see /si:/
/ u:/ as in too /tu:/
/ a:/ as in arm /a:m/
/Э:/ as in saw /sЭ:/
/ З:/ as in fur /f З:/
7 Short =
/ I / as in sit /sIt/
/ υ/ as in put /pυt/
/Δ/ as in cup /cΔp/
/Э/ as in got /gЭt/
/ ə/ as in ago /əgo/
/ e/ as in ten /ten/
/ ǽ / as in hat /hǽt/
8 Diphthong =
/ei / as in bay- page /bei/- /peij/
/ai/ as in buy-five /bai/- /faif/
/oi / as in boy- join /boi/- /join/
/əυ/ as in no- home /n əυ/- /h əυm/
/au/ as in now /nau/
/ iə/ as in peer- near /pie/- /nie(r)/
/uə/ as in poor- pure /puə/- /pyuə/
/εə/ as in pair- hair /pεə/- /hεər(r)/
Vowels
1.What are Vowels
Vowels are speech sounds which are produced without clear obstruction of the air stream in the mouth cavity. So, in producing these sounds there are not friction created.
Take as an example sound /s/ , when we produce it, the air stream is not completely blocked, but it is narrowed down so that the air passage passes it, then it produce friction.
When we produce sound /i/ we just narrow the air passage in the mouth cavity but is not narrow enough so there is no friction.
2. How to describe Vowels
Consonants can be described conveniently based on obstruction of the air stream, that is based on the point of articulation and the manner of articulation. But in vowel sounds are not possible for us to describe them based on the articulation. On the other hand, we can describe vowels based on the following activities:
a). The relative position of the tongue in the mouth
b). Position of the lips
c). The muscular effort in their production
3. Special difficulties in describing vowels
Different from consonants, vowels present special difficulties to describe. Due to the fact that the articulation of vowels is not as clear as the articulation of consonants.
Example:1
/b/ we can see or touch it, or even demonstrate it to other people.
Example:2
/u/ very difficult for us to feel the position of our tongue, because it doesn’t touch any other articulator.
The difficulties also arise because of the speakers of English from other country do not have the same pronunciation.
Notice the examples below:
Words British American
Glass /glas/ /glǽs/
Not /n כּ t/ /n^t/
Was /w כּz/ /w^z/
4. Glide Vowels
Some of English vowels described above are glide, when we produce them the tongue is gliding from one sound to another sound. In English there are two Glide vowels, namely: /o/ and /e/
when we produce sound /o/ our tongue is gliding from /o/ to /u/ /ou/. The other glide vowel is /e/ which is found in the word ‘day’, ‘may’, ‘say’, ‘ray ‘ etc. the vowel is actually not pure as /e/ in BI it glides to /i/.
5. Diphthong
Is compound vowel made by producing two vowel sounds quickly one after another. It’s a little different from glide. In glide the second vowel is not pronounced as clear and strong as in the first vowel.
Example: sound /i/ in glide /ei / is much weaker than /e/
In diphthong the two sounds pronounced with relatively the same clarity and strength.
They possess 20 voiced vowel phonemes, as follows:
5 Long =
/ i:/ as in see /si:/
/ u:/ as in too /tu:/
/ a:/ as in arm /a:m/
/Э:/ as in saw /sЭ:/
/ З:/ as in fur /f З:/
7 Short =
/ I / as in sit /sIt/
/ υ/ as in put /pυt/
/Δ/ as in cup /cΔp/
/Э/ as in got /gЭt/
/ ə/ as in ago /əgo/
/ e/ as in ten /ten/
/ ǽ / as in hat /hǽt/
8 Diphthong =
/ei / as in bay- page /bei/- /peij/
/ai/ as in buy-five /bai/- /faif/
/oi / as in boy- join /boi/- /join/
/əυ/ as in no- home /n əυ/- /h əυm/
/au/ as in now /nau/
/ iə/ as in peer- near /pie/- /nie(r)/
/uə/ as in poor- pure /puə/- /pyuə/
/εə/ as in pair- hair /pεə/- /hεər(r)/
Vowels
1.What are Vowels
Vowels are speech sounds which are produced without clear obstruction of the air stream in the mouth cavity. So, in producing these sounds there are not friction created.
Take as an example sound /s/ , when we produce it, the air stream is not completely blocked, but it is narrowed down so that the air passage passes it, then it produce friction.
When we produce sound /i/ we just narrow the air passage in the mouth cavity but is not narrow enough so there is no friction.
2. How to describe Vowels
Consonants can be described conveniently based on obstruction of the air stream, that is based on the point of articulation and the manner of articulation. But in vowel sounds are not possible for us to describe them based on the articulation. On the other hand, we can describe vowels based on the following activities:
a). The relative position of the tongue in the mouth
b). Position of the lips
c). The muscular effort in their production
3. Special difficulties in describing vowels
Different from consonants, vowels present special difficulties to describe. Due to the fact that the articulation of vowels is not as clear as the articulation of consonants.
Example:1
/b/ we can see or touch it, or even demonstrate it to other people.
Example:2
/u/ very difficult for us to feel the position of our tongue, because it doesn’t touch any other articulator.
The difficulties also arise because of the speakers of English from other country do not have the same pronunciation.
Notice the examples below:
Words British American
Glass /glas/ /glǽs/
Not /n כּ t/ /n^t/
Was /w כּz/ /w^z/
4. Glide Vowels
Some of English vowels described above are glide, when we produce them the tongue is gliding from one sound to another sound. In English there are two Glide vowels, namely: /o/ and /e/
when we produce sound /o/ our tongue is gliding from /o/ to /u/ /ou/. The other glide vowel is /e/ which is found in the word ‘day’, ‘may’, ‘say’, ‘ray ‘ etc. the vowel is actually not pure as /e/ in BI it glides to /i/.
5. Diphthong
Is compound vowel made by producing two vowel sounds quickly one after another. It’s a little different from glide. In glide the second vowel is not pronounced as clear and strong as in the first vowel.
Example: sound /i/ in glide /ei / is much weaker than /e/
In diphthong the two sounds pronounced with relatively the same clarity and strength.
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